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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this
booklet is to provide landlords and tenants with information about their responsibilities
and legal rights in North Dakota.
This publication will
include a general overview of North Dakota Landlord/Tenant Laws and other
information on renting. This booklet is not intended to be a substitute for
professional legal advice. Because factual circumstances vary in each case,
detailed legal research or opinions may be necessary to resolve any problems.
It is important to
remember as you read this booklet that many of the law's provisions may be changed
by agreement between landlord and tenant. That is why it is always a good
practice to have a written lease and to be familiar with its provisions
before signing it.
INSPECTION
OF UNIT BEFORE LEASING
Prospective tenants should
visit the rental unit before they give the landlord any money. They should be
allowed to inspect the rental unit (appliances, plumbing, light fixtures, carpeting,
locks, linoleum, windows, etc.).
According to N.D.C.C. (ND
Century Code) 47-16-07.2, a landlord shall provide the tenant with a
statement (check-in sheet) describing the condition of the facilities in and
about the premises to be rented at the time of entering into a lease
agreement. The statement shall be agreed to and signed by both the landlord
and the tenant. The statement shall provide proof as to the condition of the
facilities and the premises at the beginning of the rental agreement. Make
sure all the conditions are correctly stated on the check-in sheet. An
accurate statement at the time the tenant moves in,
will lessen the chance of misunderstanding and future disagreements.
SECURITY
DEPOSITS
Landlords have the right
to require tenants to make a security deposit (damage deposit). This money is
paid by the tenant and held by the landlord. The security deposit cannot
exceed the amount of one month's rent and will be used to guarantee against
unpaid rent, damage or cleaning costs. Moreover if the tenant owns a pet, the
landlord may require a "pet deposit" not to exceed $2,500 or two
month's rent, whichever is greater, to cover any pet related property damage.
This amount also includes the regular deposit.
The landlord is obligated
to deposit the money in a federally insured interest-bearing savings or
checking account. The landlord may apply the security deposit money and
accrued interest upon termination of the lease toward any damages suffered
through the negligence of the tenant or his/her guest, any unpaid rent, or
the costs of cleaning and repairs which were the tenant's responsibility. The
pet deposit money should only be utilized to correct problems created or
caused by the pet living on the premises. If the deposit is $100, but the tenant
causes $300 damages, the landlord can sue for the difference. The deposit may
not be used by the tenant to pay rent without the landlord's consent.
Landlords can also require
prospective tenants to pay an application fee (which may be non-refundable).
The fee is customarily used to cover the cost of checking a tenant's
references (past landlords, employment, credit bureau, etc.). Tenants should
ask if such fees are refundable and can request a receipt for payment. These
fees should not be mistaken for security deposits.
LEASES
When a landlord agrees to
rent a house, apartment, room, or other living quarters to a tenant for a
specific monthly rent, the two have entered into a legally binding rental
agreement. The agreement can be verbal or written. It is an agreement to
rent, and that means there are certain terms and rights defined by law.
It is strongly recommended
and important to keep a file that includes copies of all lease agreements,
notices, letters and other correspondence between tenant and landlord. These records
will be necessary should a dispute arise later.
The word lease refers to
the agreement between a landlord and tenant, whether it is verbal or written.
There are two basic types of leases -"periodic leases" and "term
leases."
PERIODIC
LEASE
If the lease has no
specific ending date, it is a periodic lease. Generally these leases are month-to-month.
A periodic lease is automatically renewed each time the tenant pays rent to
the landlord.
TERM
LEASE
If the lease states how
long the tenancy will last (i.e., six months or a year), it is a term lease.
These leases are usually written. The tenant is generally liable for rent the
entire term of the lease.
A lease is a legally
binding contract which cannot be broken without the other person's consent.
The best arrangement between a landlord and tenant is a written lease. A
written lease outlines the conditions under which a person(s) may live in a
rental unit, and can be referred to if a dispute
arises. When entering into a lease agreement all verbal promises (repairs,
number of parking spots, etc.) should be put in writing.
Landlords and tenants can
negotiate the terms of the lease provided both parties agree to the changes. If
the written lease form is changed, both landlord and tenant should mark their
initials next to any changes, additions, or deletions made on the lease
forms.
Before you sign a lease,
you should carefully read and understand the terms, especially any requirements
for terminating the lease. If you have any questions, ask for an explanation.
Most landlords are glad to help clarify points to avoid future
misunderstandings. In addition, both parties should receive a copy of the
lease and any other signed forms.
UNCONSCIONABILITY
A court may refuse to
enforce part or all of a lease. If the court finds the terms in the lease so
unfair and one-sided, it may not enforce them. This does not happen very
often because the lease term must be very offensive and against public
policy. The tenant must demonstrate he/she had no real choice but to accept
the offending provision. Landlords should take care not to go overboard in
drafting lease provisions in their favor.
RENT
Tenants must pay the rent
on time, whether they have a verbal or written lease. Due dates and amounts
are determined by the provisions of the lease. Failure to pay the rent on
time is considered a breach of the lease and legal cause for eviction.
LATE
FEES
The rent must be paid on
the date it is due. If a tenant misses the due date, landlords will \often
require the tenant to pay a late fee. But, in order for a landlord to charge
a late fee, it must be a provision of the lease (verbal or written) or it is
not legal. In addition, the lease must state how much the late fee will be
and on what date it will be effective.
RENT
INCREASES
Periodic Lease - If you have a month-to-month
periodic lease, the landlord may raise your rent by any amount by providing a
notice, in writing, at least 30 days before the end of the month.
If the landlord changes
the terms of a periodic lease, and gives the required 30-day notice of
change, the tenant has the option to terminate the lease at the end of the
month by giving a 25-DAY TERMINATION NOTICE. It is important to
remember that a 25-DAY TERMINATION NOTICE can only be given after the
landlord has first given a notice of intent to change any term of the lease.
If the tenant does not give the 25-day termination notice to vacate, the
changes specified in the landlord's 30-day notice become a part of the lease
agreement.
Term Lease - Generally a term lease has a fixed
rent for the entire lease term and cannot be changed during the lease term
unless the landlord and tenant agree to do so. However, the landlord can
increase the tenant's rent by any amount at the end of the lease period. Usually,
any notice requirements will be outlined in the
lease, if not the rules of changing a periodic lease apply.
Automatic Lease
Renewals - Landlords
may not enforce an automatic renewal clause in a residential lease without
giving the tenant at least a 30-day written notice before the end of the
current lease period that the lease will automatically renew. Notice may be
delivered personally or by first class mail. If such notice is not given by
the landlord, the lease will convert to a month-to-month tenancy.
If the landlord gives
notice of an upcoming automatic renewal and does NOT ask for a rent increase
after the expiration of the lease, and rent is offered and accepted, the
lease is presumed to be renewed at the same rent and for the same period of
time as the original lease.
ROOMMATES
If more than one person
rents a house or apartment, each person is responsible for paying the whole
rent. If disagreements surface between persons sharing an apartment and one
person moves out, the remaining tenants are responsible for paying the entire
monthly rent amount. However, the remaining tenants can sue the vacating
tenant if he/she left without paying his/her share of the rent, or failed to
give proper notice.
The security deposit paid
will normally stay with the rental unit until all tenants on the lease have
vacated. If a tenant vacates early, arrangements should be made between the
tenants for recovering that person's share of the deposit.
Responsibility for paying
the rent in a roommate situation may be altered by the terms of the lease.
DISCRIMINATION
Both Federal and State law
prohibit discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex,
family status or disability in the sale, rental or advertising of dwellings;
in the provision of brokerage services; or in the availability of residential
real estate-related transactions. In addition it is a violation of state law
to discriminate on the basis of age (40 & over), marital status or status
with respect to public assistance. It is against Federal and State law to:
- refuse
to sell or rent a dwelling after the making of a bona fide offer
- refuse
to negotiate for the sale or rental of a dwelling
- refuse
to show or falsely deny availability
- offer
different terms, conditions or privileges of a sale or rental
- provide
different services or facilities in connection with a sale or rental
- refuse
to permit reasonable modification to a dwelling by a disabled person
- refuse
to make a reasonable accommodationfor a
disabled person
- fail
to meet accessibility standards for disabled persons
- engage
in discriminatory brokerage or financial services
- engage
in blockbusting activity - making representations about the
characteristics of a neighborhood to encourage the sale or rental of
property for profit
- advertise
about the sale or rental of a dwelling in a manner that indicates
discriminatory preference
- interfere,
through intimidation, force or threat of force, with any persons' full
enjoyment of housing priveleges
The
Fair Housing Act generally exempts owner occupied buildings with no more than
four units, single family homes sold or rented without the use of a broker or
housing operated by organizations and private clubs that limit occupancy to
members. Housing determined by the secretarty of
HUD or the Department of Labor & Human Rights to be specifically for the eldery is exempt from the familial status and age
provisions of the law.
If
a tenant believes his/her rights have been violated, he/she may get an
attorney who can go directly to court with the case, or they may write or
telephone the Fair Housing of the Dakotas, Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) or the ND Department of Labor-Human Rights Division within
one year of the discrimination's occurrence. If the complaint is filed with
the Department of Labor & Human Rights, the Department will notify all
the parties, conduct an investigation into the alleged discrimination, and
may grant temporary relief. The Department will then issue a determination
and if necessary conduct an Administrative hearing on the issue of
discrimination. If discrimination has occurred, the Department of Labor &
Human Rights may impose penalties.
UTILITIES
The
responsibility of paying for the utility services such as electricity,
natural or LP gas, oil, water, wastewater and garbage is generally specified
in the lease or rental agreement. If this responsibility is not addressed in
the lease or rental agreement, there should be a separate agreement or
understanding (preferably in writing) addressing this issue. The party (landlord
or tenant) agreeing to pay for part or all of the utility services should
advise the municipal service or utility company who will be receiving the
services and who will be paying for those services.
LANDLORD
OBLIGATIONS
The
obligation of the landlord may be altered somewhat by a contractual agreement
(generally a written lease) between the landlord and the tenant. However, the
landlord must:
A.
Comply with the requirements of building and housing codes relating to health
and safety.
B.
Arrange for or make all repairs and do whatever is necessary to put and keep
the premises in a fit and habitable condition.
C.
Keep all common areas in a clean and safe condition.
D.
Maintain in good and safe working order and condition all electrical,
plumbing, sanitary, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning systems and other
facilities and appliances, including elevators, supplied or required to be
supplied by the landlord.
E.
Provide and maintain appropriate receptacles and conven-
iences for the removal of ashes, garbage, rubbish,
and other waste incidental to the occupancy of the dwelling unit and arrange
for their removal.
F.
Provide running water and reasonable amounts of hot water and heat.
G.
Provide smoke detectors in each unit. If the tenant is hearing impaired and requests
a visual smoke detector unit, one must be installed by the landlord.
TENANT
OBLIGATIONS
The
obligation of the tenant may be altered somewhat by a contractual agreement
(generally a written lease) between the landlord and the tenant. However, the
tenant must:
A.
Comply with all duties imposed upon tenants by building and housing codes
relating to health and safety.
B.
Keep the occupied unit as clean and safe as the condition of the premises
permit.
C.
Regularly remove all ashes, garbage, rubbish, and other waste from the
dwelling unit and dispose of them in a clean and safe manner.
D.
Keep all plumbing fixtures as clean as their condition permits.
E.
Use in a reasonable manner all electrical, plumbing, sanitary, heating,
ventilating, air-conditioning systems and other facilities and appliances
including elevators on the premises.
F.
Not deliberately or negligently destroy, deface, damage, impair or remove any
part of the premises or knowingly permit any person to do so.
G.
Conduct him/herself and require other persons on the
premises with the tenant's consent to conduct themselves in a manner that
will not disturb the tenant's neighbors' peaceful enjoyment of the premises.
REPAIRS
Tenants
should promptly notify the landlord when repairs become necessary.
If
the landlord does not respond to verbal notice of need for repairs, the
tenant should send a written notice to the landlord of necessary repairs by
certified mail, return receipt requested. The tenant should keep a copy of
this notice. The tenant must give the landlord reasonable notice and a
reasonable amount of time in which to make repairs. What is "reasonable"
depends on the needed repair. If repairs are still not made, the tenant has
three options under the law:
A.
Repair the defect and deduct the expense from the rent (N.D.C.C. 47-16-13).
It is always a good idea for the tenant to notify the landlord in writing
that he/she intends to do this. Some landlords have given tenants a 30-day
notice (if the tenant is on a month-to-month lease), or attempted to sue for
loss of rent.
B.
Sue the landlord in Small Claims Court for the costs of the repairs and other
expenses incurred as a result of the failure to make repairs.
C.
The tenant may elect, after notice (preferably written), to vacate the
premises which would terminate the lease. Vacating the premises should be
considered a measure of last resort, and only if there is a serious repair
problem or code violation. The tenant should notify the housing or health
inspector to confirm that a serious problem or code violation exists.
LANDLORD
RIGHT OF ENTRY
A
landlord may enter a dwelling unit:
A.
At any time in case of emergency or if the landlord reasonably believes the
tenant has abandoned the premises, or the tenant is in substantial violation
of the provisions of the lease or rental agreement.
B.
During reasonable hours, and in a reasonable manner for the purpose of
inspecting the premises, making necessary or general repairs, decorations,
alterations, improvements, or agreed services.
C.
During reasonable hours and in a reasonable manner for the purpose of showing
the rental unit to actual or potential purchasers, insurers, mortgagees, real
estate agents, potential tenants, workers or contractors.
Unless
it is impractical to do so, the landlord must attempt to get the tenant's
consent for an agreed time of entry. The landlord may not abuse the right of
access or use it to harass or intimidate the tenant.
NOTE:
Consent may be presumed from the tenant's failure to object to access after
reasonable notice is given. The tenant may not unreasonably deny access to
the dwelling unit.
TERMINATING
THE LEASE - 30 DAY NOTICE
Periodic
Lease - If there
is no provision in the month-to-month periodic lease stating how much advance
notice must be given to end the lease (written or verbal), either party may terminate
the lease by giving at least thirty (30) days written notice at any time. The
rent is due and payable to and including the date of termination. However,
many written periodic leases may require tenants to give notice on the first
of the month, or a longer notice (60 days). Failure to give proper 30 day or
agreed notice could result in loss of security deposit and liability for rent
for that period.
Term
Lease - A term
lease terminates automatically at the end of the lease period without the
need of any notice from either landlord or tenant. Procedures for ending a
written term lease are generally outlined in the lease. Typically, it will require
a written notice prior to the lease expiring. Generally the notice has to be
received by the first of the month. Tenants are well-advised to carefully
read the termination and renewal provisions of their lease.
NOTICE
TO TERMINATE LEASE - 60 DAY NOTICE
Term leases: Most initial leases carry a set term, such as
one year. The termination clause in most of those leases requires a 60 day
notice to terminate the lease before the end of the term. After August 1,
that 60 day notice requirement would still be allowed, but only if the
landlord provides a space for the resident to initial next to the notice
requirement. If that notice requirement is not initialed by the resident, the
lease can be terminated by either party with at least one month calendar
months notice to take effect on the last day of the month. Month-to-month
leases from inception: If the lease with the resident from inception carries
a month-to-month term, the same requirement for the resident to initial the
termination notice applies. In other words, if it is a month-to-month lease
from the inception that requires a 60 day notice to terminate, that
termination clause must be initialed by the resident. Leases that convert
month-to month after the initial term. After August 1, if the term lease is
going to convert on a month-to-month basis, the landlord will no longer be
allowed to require 60 days notice to terminate from the resident, even if the
resident initialed such language. In other words, if you have a one year
lease that will expire on July 31, 2007 and the resident remains in
possession, the lease will be presumed to convert on a month-to-month basis,
and it can be terminated by 30 days calendar notice from either party.
If
a tenant moves out before the lease expires, he/she is still responsible for
paying the rent for the remaining term of the lease. Another tenant may be
found to fulfill the balance of the lease. A landlord's consent may be
necessary if the lease agreement is transferred to a new tenant.
The
lease may require a fee for the landlord to re-rent the unit. If a fee is
required it should be outlined in the lease agreement. The landlord may be
entitled to recover actual costs to re-rent. In no event, may the landlord
recover both a re-renting fee and the actual costs of re-renting.
Even
though the tenant remains liable for the rent until the expiration of the
lease or a new tenant is found, landlords have a legal obligation to try to
find a new tenant and may only collect rent from a single tenant. Thus, if
the new tenant moves in and pays rent for a period for which the departing
tenant has already paid, the landlord must refund the appropriate portion of
the pre-paid rent to the departing tenant.
ABANDONED
PROPERTY
Tenant's
property with a total estimated value of $1,500 or less, which has been left
for a least 30 days in the vacated premises,
becomes the property of the landlord to dispose of or sell, without notice,
in whatever manner the landlord chooses. The landlord can keep the money from
the sale. Expenses for storing or moving the property which
exceed proceeds from the sale can be deducted from the security
deposit.
If
the landlord removes abandoned property from the premises after a judgment of
eviction has been obtained and served, the landlord may retain possession of
the property until charges for the reasonable amount of any storage and
moving expenses have been paid.
SECURITY
DEPOSIT REFUND
At
the end of the lease, a landlord must return a tenant's security deposit
(plus interest if the unit was occupied nine months or longer), or give the
tenant a written explanation as to why the deposit (or any part of the
deposit) will not be returned. The landlord must mail or deliver the deposit
within 30 days after the day the tenant vacated and the lease expired. As a practical
matter, actual receipt of the security deposit may be delayed by several days
if the tenant fails to provide the landlord with accurate forwarding address
information. The landlord may deduct, from the security deposit, amounts to
cover damage from tenants or their guests, unpaid rent, and/or costs of
cleaning or other repairs, with the exception of reasonable wear and tear. The
landlord must provide an itemized list of any deductions.
If
a landlord sells a rental property, the new owner has the same rights and
obligations. The security deposits and interest must be transferred to the
new owner or the seller remains liable. The new owner is bound by the
provisions of N.D.C.C. 47-16-07.1.4 even though he/she did not receive the
original security deposit.
If
a tenant does not receive the security deposit back, or is not satisfied with
the landlord's explanation, the tenant can take the matter to Small Claims
Court. This is a relatively easy, inexpensive procedure,
that is explained elsewhere in this publication. There, it is up to
the landlord to justify the amounts withheld. The court can award damages to
the tenant up to three times the amount withheld without reasonable
justification from the tenant's security deposit. This is called "treble
damages." Treble damages need to be requested when completing court
papers.
EVICTION
According
to state law, landlords can evict tenants for non-payment of rent, or in
cases where the tenant refuses to leave after "Notice to Vacate" has
been properly served and the tenant's last day has passed. A tenant can also
be evicted if the tenant or any person on the premises with the tenant's
consent acts in a manner that unreasonably disturbs other tenants
peaceful enjoyment of the premises.
A
tenant may also be evicted for violating a material term of the lease. In
addition to unreasonable peace disturbances, three situations potentially
violate the material terms of a lease; drug use, distribution, or other
illegal activity conducted on the property; unreported pets; or too many
occupants in violation of the lease. These material violations must be proven
by the landlord in a court of law.
In
order to evict, a landlord must:
A.
Serve the resident with a "Notice of Intention to Evict" (often
called a Notice to Quit) ordering the resident to vacate the premises within
three days. The sheriff or a process server may post the Notice of Intention
to Evict conspicuously at the rented premises, if the tenant cannot be found.
The Notice of Intention to Evict does not require the resident to vacate. It
is the first step required by law for an owner to proceed
with the eviction, and proof that the Notice was properly served must be
presented to the court.
B.
If the resident has not vacated after the three-day period, a "Summons
and Complaint" (begins legal action) may be served on the resident. The "Summons
and Complaint" will give notice to the resident as to the date and time he/she
will need to appear in District Court. A court hearing must take place within
three to 15 days after service of the Summons and Complaint on the tenant. If
the tenant cannot be found in the county by proof of sheriff or process
server, and the attempt to serve the summons has been made at least once
between the hours of 6 p.m. and 10 p.m., and an affidavit has been filed
stating that the tenant cannot be found or the belief that the tenant is not
in this state and copy of the summons has been mailed to the last known address
of the tenant, service of the summons may be made by the sheriff or process server
by posting (the summons) on the door of the unit. At the hearing, both
landlord and tenant will be asked to give their respective side of the story.
C.
The judge will then deliver his/her decision. If the judge decides the tenant
has no legal reason for refusing to leave, the judge will order the tenant to
vacate. If the tenant fails to vacate, after being court ordered to do so,
the judge will order the sheriff to force the tenant out. The tenant's
property will be placed in storage. To get the property back, the tenant must
pay the sheriff's fee, moving, and storage costs. If the tenant shows the
court that vacating immediately is a substantial hardship on the tenant or
the tenant's family, and eviction is not based on a disturbance of the peace,
the court may allow reasonable time for the tenant to vacate, not to exceed
five days. The judge can also find that the landlord has no legal reason to
evict the tenant.
In
the event the tenant does not remove belongings after the eviction judgment
has been obtained, the lanlord can remove the
belongings from the rental unit and the sheriff will insure that the peace is
not disturbed during that process. The tenant is responsible for all moving
expenses and storage costs incurred by the landlord. Per the abandoned
property law, the landlord must store the property for a period of at least
30 days.
Contrary
to popular belief, tenants may be evicted during the winter months.
LOCKOUTS
& PROPERTY CONFISCATION
It
is illegal for a landlord to physically lock a tenant out of his/her unit. If
a landlord locks a tenant out or confiscates a tenant's belongings, the
tenant should notify the sheriff's department, a private attorney, or legal
assistance. It is also illegal for a landlord to cut off the utilities in an
attempt to get the tenant to move.
NON-SMOKING
IN PUBLIC PLACES
North
Dakota Law prohibits smoking in public places. By law "public
places" includes hallways, entry areas, offices and any other common
areas in an apartment building. Violation of this law is an infraction.
SMALL
CLAIMS COURT
Small
Claims Court provides landlords and tenants with an easy, inexpensive and
informal way to resolve disputes. It is not necessary to hire an attorney, as
an individual can present his/her own case.
Claims
that involve a lease of real property may be commenced in either the county
where the person to be sued resides or in the county where the real property
is located. Check with the district court clerk in your county courthouse if
you are not sure where to file. Small Claims Court hears only money damage
cases in the amount of $5000 or less. Claims that are initiated in Small
Claims Court can be removed by the Defendant to District Court. If the
Defendant does not prevail, however, in the District Court proceeding, the
Judge has discretion to award reasonable attorney's fees to the Plaintiff if
the judge determines that the defendant's defense was without merit.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT:
LANDLORDS:
North Dakota Apartment Association
(an organization for owners and managers providing educational opportunities.
Forms are also available at a small cost)
1-800-990-6322
www.ndaa.net
Bismarck-Mandan Apartment
Association
701-255-7396
www.bisman-apts.com
Fargo-Moorhead Apartment
Association
218-233-6245
Greater Grand Forks Apartment
Association
701-775-4231
www.grandforksapartments.com
Souris
Valley Apartment Association - Minot
701-852-9743
TENANTS:
For questions relating to the Federal Fair Housing Act or the North Dakota Discrimination
Act contact:
Fair Housing of the Dakotas
Bismarck
701-328-2094, 1-888-265-0907
www.ndfhc.org
Fair Housing Clearance Center
1-800-343-3442
HUD Housing Complaint Line
1-800-669-9777
Fair
Housing and Enforcement Center
633 17th ST. 13th Floor
Denver, CO 80202-3607.
Telephone: 303-672-5437 or 1-800-877-7353
TENANTS - FURTHER INFORMATION:
ND Housing Finance Agency
(If you currently reside in an apartment subsidized by HUD and have a
question regarding your rental assistance, apartment, or management; or if
you are interested in learning more about rental assistance administered by
NDHFA)
Bismarck
701-328-8080, 1-800-292-8621
1-800-366-6888(TTY)
ND Department of Labor - Human
Rights Division
(The Human Rights Division of the ND Department of Labor receives and
investigates complaints of unlawful housing discrimination)
Bismarck
701-328-2660, 1-800-582-8032
www.discovernd.com/humanrights
Community
Action Program
(Emergency rental assistance money - call for availability)
Bismarck, 701-258-2240
Fargo, 701-232-2452
Jamestown, 701-252-1821
Minot, 701-839-7221
Grand Forks, 701-227-0131
Williston, 701-572-8191
Legal
Services of North Dakota
(Non-profit law firm that provides legal advice and representation to low
income and elderly North Dakotans in a variety of legal matters. LSND also
provides community legal education throughout North Dakota)
Ages 60+ call: 1-866.621-9886
All Others: 1-800-634-5263
www.legalassist.org
NORTH DAKOTA APARTMENT ASSOCIATION
The Landlord/Tenant Rights
Booklet has been prepared by the North Dakota Apartment Association. A
rough draft was provided to numerous organizations, departments, and
interested groups for their comments and input. Some did not respond.
While this booklet does reference
state laws relating to landlord/tenant issues and concerns, it should be used
only as a general guideline for informational purposes.
Any questions of a specific or
technical nature should be directed to an individual or organization with
expertise in that particular field.
NDAA does not assume responsibility
for any action taken by an individual as a result of interpreting the
contents of this booklet.
Costs for this project were borne
by North Dakota Apartment Association, the ND Affordable Housing Coalition,
the ND Housing Finance Agency, the ND Department of Labor-Human Rights
Division, ND association of REALTORS, Legal Services of ND and the Fair
Housing of the Dakotas
Authority to reproduce may be
granted by contacting the North Dakota Apartment Association at 1-800-990-NDAA
or 1811 E Thayer, Bismarck, ND 58501
The contents of this booklet may
not be changed or altered without the consent and permission of the North Dakota
Apartment Association.
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